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A Joint Check Agreement is a contractual agreement in the construction industry used to ensure all parties involved in a project get paid. This agreement involves primarily three parties - the property owner, general contractor, and subcontractor or material supplier. The property owner or general contractor issues a check payable to both the subcontractor and materials supplier, providing a layer of protection against mechanic's lien. This means both parties must endorse the check for it to be cashed, ensuring the funds are distributed appropriately. This way, it mitigates the risk of non-payment for subcontractors and suppliers. Additionally, it helps the owner or general contractor to ensure project progression without disputes or delays related to payment issues. However, details of the agreement, like the proportion of payment to each party, need to be clearly outlined to avoid potential conflicts.

A Change Order in construction essentially refers to a modification to the original construction contract. These can occur due to unforeseen circumstances, changes requested by the client, or any errors or omissions found in the initial contract. They can include alterations in construction methods, designs, materials, and site conditions, impacting the scheduled tasks and the project's cost. Change orders are documented formally and require official approval before being executed. This mechanism ensures transparency amongst all parties involved, preventing disputes during the project life-cycle. It's important to manage them carefully to prevent project delays and budget overruns.

Cost accounting in the construction industry is a specialized area of accounting that captures, records, and interprets all costs incurred during construction projects. These costs may include materials, labour, machinery and overheads. It focuses on understanding where and how funds are expended and aims to make internal business functions more efficient. The construction industry heavily relies on cost accounting techniques to estimate project costs, set budgets, control costs, make strategic decisions and ensure profitability. This accounting practice provides essential financial insights that enable project managers to avoid overruns, mitigate risks and improve project outcomes.