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Cost in excess of billings (CEB), or underbilling, refers to a cost incurred by a subcontractor for work performed that has yet to be billed to the general contractor at any point in time. This is a somewhat common scenario that can arise when the cost of work expenses (labor, materials, subcontractors, etc.) hit before billings go out.

There are a few factors that can create this timing gap and lead to underbilling. These include:

• Progressive billing schedules: Many construction projects have billing schedules that are based on predefined milestones or stages of completion. However, costs are being incurred continuously as work progresses. This causes costs to build up ahead of invoices between billing cycles.
• Upfront and early-stage mobilization: Significant upfront costs go into things like materials, equipment, permitting, and mobilizing job sites before physical work even begins—especially for subcontractors. These costs typically accumulate before clients are billed.
• Pending change orders: Costs related to change orders often hit weeks or months before details are finalized and approved for billing. Diligently tracking pending change orders is crucial to ensure you ultimately collect on all revenue owed from approved changes.
• Project delays: In construction, delays are inevitable. If and when delays push out project milestones, billable events can slide further out from when the costs were incurred. These timeline gaps widen the difference between accrued expenses and billings-to-date.

CEB is reflected on financial statements as assets because it represents an unbilled receivable for revenues that will later come. Therefore, regularly monitoring CEB is critical to maintaining healthy business operations as it helps subcontractor accounting teams:

• Understand true project economics: CEB helps reveal the full profitability picture by linking incurred costs with unbilled receivables, which in turn supports more accurate revenue forecasting and job costing projections.
• Gain greater cash flow visibility: Because CEB tracking shows how much money is flowing out that’s tied up in work completed but not yet paid for, it helps them better plan and manage their cash for future expenses.
• Monitor project health: Unexpected CEB spikes could signal problems like cost overruns. Regularly comparing CEB status with the original budget is key to assessing a project’s overall health.
• Collect revenue in full: No one wants to work for free. Tracking CEB ensures that all pending receivables are ultimately invoiced and collected.
• Stay compliant: CEB reporting is required for percentage-of-completion revenue recognition, which is an important accounting standard for billing teams to adhere to.

Effective CEB oversight is much simpler with the right tools in place. With Siteline, you can easily see on each project if you’re billing in excess of your costs to ensure you’re billing enough each month. Siteline also monitors all pending change orders throughout a project’s lifespan, helping teams get approval quicker for accelerated cash flow. If you're interested, schedule a personalized demo of Siteline here.

Percentage of completion (POC) is a metric that represents the proportion of work completed on a construction project at a given point in time. It is expressed as a percentage of the total contracted work. The POC is important to subcontractor workflows for several reasons:

• Payment schedules: Most construction contracts stipulate that subcontractors receive payment based on the percentage of work completed rather than a lump sum payment at the end of the project. The POC determines the amount of payment that a subcontractor can request from the general contractor (GC) or the project owner for the work performed during a specific billing period.
• Cash flow management: Subcontractors rely on progress payments to maintain a healthy cash flow and cover expenses such as labor, materials, and equipment. The POC directly impacts the timing and amount of progress payments received, allowing subcontractors to plan and manage their financial resources effectively.
• Project monitoring and control: Tracking the POC helps subcontractors monitor their progress against the project schedule and budget. It enables them to identify potential delays or cost overruns early on, allowing for prompt corrective actions.
• Dispute resolution: In the event of disputes or claims related to payment or project delays, POC documentation can serve as evidence to support the subcontractor's position and substantiate their claims for outstanding payments or compensation.
• Resource allocation: By monitoring the POC, subcontractors can better plan and allocate their resources (labor, materials, equipment, etc.) across multiple projects, ensuring efficient utilization and avoiding resource conflicts or shortages.
• Project closeout: The POC is crucial during the project closeout phase, as it helps determine the final payment due to the subcontractor and ensures that all work has been completed according to the contract terms.

Overall, POC serves as a versatile tool throughout the entire project lifecycle, from initial payment requests to final closeout. And with Siteline, managing POC workflows becomes effortless. Siteline makes progress billing a cinch by:

• Generating custom pay applications with real-time POC calculations
• Offering intuitive dashboards for clear financial visualization and decision-making
• Integrating with GC payment portals for accurate, timely pay application submissions
• Centralizing all documentation for enhanced collaboration and communication

Book a demo today to experience how Siteline can empower your team to make informed decisions, maintain a steady cash flow, and ensure successful project closeouts.

A lender, in the context of the construction industry, is a bank, financial institution, or a private individual that provides funds for construction projects. They lend money with the understanding that the amount will be returned, often with interest, as per the terms of a loan agreement. The borrower can be a contractor, real estate developer, or a homeowner needing funding for a building or renovation project. Lenders assess the viability of the projects and the borrower's solvency before loan approval. They play a vital role in construction financing, facilitating economic growth by enabling infrastructure development. They also manage risks by using construction loans that follow a draw schedule that matches the construction stages, ensuring the project's timely completion. Ultimately, lenders power the various construction operations, providing necessary liquidity and fostering business growth and expansion.