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AIA billing refers to a standardized method of construction project billing developed by the American Institute of Architects (AIA). This billing system is widely utilized in the construction industry due to its accuracy, traceability and efficiency. It involves using specific forms, such as the G702 Application and Certification for Payment and the G703 Continuation Sheet. These AIA documents help manage and streamline the payment process, offering a detailed breakdown that shows the work completed and the costs associated with each phase of the project. The AIA billing system, therefore, ensures transparency, keeping all stakeholders informed about the project's financial aspects, which mitigates risks and potential disputes over costs and payments.

Cost accounting in the construction industry is a specialized area of accounting that captures, records, and interprets all costs incurred during construction projects. These costs may include materials, labour, machinery and overheads. It focuses on understanding where and how funds are expended and aims to make internal business functions more efficient. The construction industry heavily relies on cost accounting techniques to estimate project costs, set budgets, control costs, make strategic decisions and ensure profitability. This accounting practice provides essential financial insights that enable project managers to avoid overruns, mitigate risks and improve project outcomes.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) are a set of standardized rules and procedures in accounting to provide consistency in financial reporting across different entities. In the construction industry, GAAP are of particular importance due to the unique nature of accounting involved. For instance, consideration of revenue recognition when recognizing costs for long-term projects is guided by GAAP. Under GAAP, the percentage of completion method is commonly used, allowing companies to report income as the work progresses, thus providing a more accurate view of the financial health of a construction company. Similarly, fixed asset accounting, inventory valuation, recognition of liabilities, and depreciation methods are all guided by GAAP in the construction industry. By adhering to GAAP, the construction industry ensures transparency, consistency, and comparability in its financial information, promoting investor confidence and informed decision-making.